Course Overview:
This advanced course examines the pivotal figures who shaped Christian theology and church practice following the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE. Students will explore how these influential leaders navigated the transformation of Christianity from a persecuted minority to the dominant religion of the Roman Empire, addressing complex theological controversies and establishing the doctrinal foundations that continue to define orthodox Christianity.
Course Description:
The Post-Nicene Era represents one of the most dynamic and consequential periods in Christian history. Following Emperor Constantine's legalization of Christianity, the Church faced new opportunities and unprecedented challenges as it transitioned from the margins of society to its center. This course provides comprehensive coverage of the major theological figures, historical developments, and ecumenical councils that defined this transformative period from the fourth to the sixth centuries.
Key Topics Include:
• The Christianization of the Roman Empire under Constantine and his successors
• The Arian controversy and the defense of Christ's full divinity
• The development of Trinitarian theology and the Nicene Creed
• Augustine's theology of grace, original sin, and predestination
• Jerome's translation of the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate)
• Biblical interpretation and exegesis in the patristic period
• The relationship between Church and Empire
• Social justice and pastoral care in early Christian communities
• The transition from the ancient Church to medieval Christianity
• Christological controversies and the Council of Chalcedon
• The rise of monasticism and ascetic spirituality
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Identify the major Post-Nicene Fathers and articulate their distinctive theological contributions
2. Analyze the socio-political context of the late Roman Empire and its influence on church development
3. Explain the key theological controversies of the period and how they were resolved
4. Understand the significance of the ecumenical councils and their lasting doctrinal formulations
5. Evaluate the relationship between Christianity and imperial power during this period
6. Trace the development of core Christian doctrines including the Trinity and Christology
7. Appreciate the transition from the early Church to medieval Christianity
8. Apply insights from the Post-Nicene Fathers to contemporary theological and pastoral questions
9. Critically engage with primary source documents from this period
Target Audience:
This course is ideal for advanced theology students, seminary students, church historians, pastors, and educated laypeople seeking to deepen their understanding of Christian doctrine and church history. Some background in Christian theology or church history is recommended but not required.
Course Benefits:
Students completing this course will gain:
- A sophisticated understanding of how core Christian doctrines were formulated
- Insight into the relationship between theology and politics in church history
- Ability to read and interpret patristic literature
- Appreciation for the diversity and unity of early Christian thought
- Tools for addressing contemporary theological questions through historical wisdom
- Foundation for further study in systematic theology or church history
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